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 You are here :: Home >> Explore >> Minerals And Gemstones >> Introduction
 
Minerals And Gemstones
 
 Introduction
 
A precious stone or gemstone possesses sought-after properties such as beauty, natural origin, rarity, hardness and chemical resistance. About 80 of the more than 3000 known minerals meet these requirements. These are regarded as gemstones and suitable for jewellery and decorative articles.A natural gemstone is formed in nature, usually over a period of millions of years, by geological processes acting at certain temperatures and pressures without the interference of man.
Synthetic Gemstones
Synthetic gemstones are manufactured in laboratories under controlled temperature and pressure conditions. They are man-made recreations of their natural counterparts, possessing essentially the same physical and chemical properties and crystalline structure. Material that simulates or imitates a specific gemstone, but of which the chemical and physical properties are entirely different from the simulated gemstone, is known as a simulant, e.g. green glass simulating emerald. Any stone constructed of two or more parts of gem material, whether they be natural, synthetic, imitation or any combination, is referred to as a composite or assembled stone, e.g. an opal triplet.
 
The "four C's"
The “four C’s” is an expression used to determined the value of diamonds and coloured gemstones. It stands for Colour, Clarity, Cut and Carat weight. The terms “semi-precious” and “precious” stones are a misleading mode of classification due to the fact that a poor-quality “precious” stone (eg. sapphire) may be of far less value than a fine specimen of “semi-precious” tourmaline. For the sake of consistency the term “gemstone” is used throughout.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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